How to identify commonly used electronic components?
Nov 16, 2020
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Identification of commonly used electronic components
1. Resistance
Resistors are commonly called resistors, and they are the most commonly used electronic components in electronic equipment. Resistance is represented by "r" plus a number in the circuit. For example, r13 represents the number 13 resistor. The main functions of resistors in the circuit are shunting, current limiting, voltage division bias, filtering (used in combination with capacitors) and impedance matching.
Parameter identification: The unit of resistance is ohm (ω), and the multiplier units are: kiloohm (kω), megaohm (mω), etc. The conversion method is: 1 megohm (mω) = 1000 kiloohms (kω) = 1,000,000 ohms. There are three methods for labeling resistance parameters, namely, direct calibration, color calibration and digital calibration.
1. The number labeling method is mainly used for small-volume circuits such as patches, such as: 472 means 47×100ω=that is 4.7k; 103 means 10000ω (10 plus three 0 after 10), which is 10kω
2. The color circle labeling method is the most used. The first color circle indicates the largest digit of the resistance value, the second color circle indicates the second digit, and the third color circle indicates that the resistance value should not have several zeros. The four color circles indicate the error of resistance.
Parameter identification: The unit of resistance is ohm (ω), and the multiplier units are: kiloohm (kω), megaohm (mω), etc. The conversion method is: 1 megohm (mω) = 1000 kiloohms (kω) = 1,000,000 ohms. There are three methods for labeling resistance parameters, namely, direct calibration, color calibration and digital calibration.
1. The number labeling method is mainly used for small-volume circuits such as patches, such as: 472 means 47×100ω=that is 4.7k; 103 means 10000ω (10 plus three 0 after 10), which is 10kω
2. The color circle labeling method is the most used. The first color circle indicates the largest digit of the resistance value, the second color circle indicates the second digit, and the third color circle indicates that the resistance value should not have several zeros. The four color circles indicate the error of resistance.
2. Capacitance
A capacitor is a component composed of two metal films close together and separated by an insulating material. Capacitors are generally represented by "c" plus a number in the circuit. For example, c223 represents the capacitor numbered 223. The characteristics of the capacitor are mainly DC blocking and AC. There are also two main parameters of capacitors, nominal capacitance and allowable error.
1. Nominal capacitance refers to the capacitance marked on the capacitor. The size of the capacitance means the amount of energy that can be stored. The obstructive effect of the capacitor on the AC signal is called capacitive reactance, which is related to the frequency and capacitance of the AC signal. Capacitive reactance xc=1/2πf c (f represents the frequency of the AC signal, c represents the capacitance of the capacitor).
Identification method: The identification method of capacitance is basically the same as that of resistance, and it is also divided into three types: direct labeling method, color labeling method and digital labeling method. The basic unit of capacitance is expressed in Fara (f), and other units include: millifarad (mf), microfarad (uf), nanofarad (nf), picofarad (pf). Among them: 1 farad=103 millifarads=106 microfarads=109 nanofarads=1012 picofarads.
Direct labeling method: the capacitance value of a large capacity capacitor is directly marked on the capacitor, such as 2200 uf/10v
Letter notation: 152m=1500pf
Digital representation: generally use three digits to indicate the size of the capacity, the first two digits indicate the effective digits, and the third digit is the magnification. Such as: 102 means 10×102pf=1000pf
2. The allowable error is divided into three levels, which is the same as the representation method of resistor error. The trimmer capacitor and variable capacitor are marked with the minimum and maximum capacitance, such as 7/270p
A capacitor is a component composed of two metal films close together and separated by an insulating material. Capacitors are generally represented by "c" plus a number in the circuit. For example, c223 represents the capacitor numbered 223. The characteristics of the capacitor are mainly DC blocking and AC. There are also two main parameters of capacitors, nominal capacitance and allowable error.
1. Nominal capacitance refers to the capacitance marked on the capacitor. The size of the capacitance means the amount of energy that can be stored. The obstructive effect of the capacitor on the AC signal is called capacitive reactance, which is related to the frequency and capacitance of the AC signal. Capacitive reactance xc=1/2πf c (f represents the frequency of the AC signal, c represents the capacitance of the capacitor).
Identification method: The identification method of capacitance is basically the same as that of resistance, and it is also divided into three types: direct labeling method, color labeling method and digital labeling method. The basic unit of capacitance is expressed in Fara (f), and other units include: millifarad (mf), microfarad (uf), nanofarad (nf), picofarad (pf). Among them: 1 farad=103 millifarads=106 microfarads=109 nanofarads=1012 picofarads.
Direct labeling method: the capacitance value of a large capacity capacitor is directly marked on the capacitor, such as 2200 uf/10v
Letter notation: 152m=1500pf
Digital representation: generally use three digits to indicate the size of the capacity, the first two digits indicate the effective digits, and the third digit is the magnification. Such as: 102 means 10×102pf=1000pf
2. The allowable error is divided into three levels, which is the same as the representation method of resistor error. The trimmer capacitor and variable capacitor are marked with the minimum and maximum capacitance, such as 7/270p
3. Inductance
The inductance coil is made by winding an insulated wire around a certain number of turns on an insulated frame. DC can pass through the coil, and the DC resistance is the resistance of the wire itself, and the voltage drop is small; when an AC signal passes through the coil, self-induced electromotive force will be generated at both ends of the coil.
The direction of the self-induced electromotive force is opposite to the direction of the applied voltage, which hinders the passage of AC. Therefore, the characteristic of the inductor is to pass DC and resist AC. The higher the frequency, the greater the coil impedance. Inductance and capacitance can form an oscillating circuit in a circuit. Inductance is often represented by "l" plus a number in the circuit, such as: l3 represents the inductance number 3. Inductance generally has direct calibration method and color calibration method, and the color calibration method is similar to resistance. The basic unit of inductance is: Hen (h) The conversion unit is: 1h=103mh=106uh.
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