Comparison between amorphous alloy and silicon

Comparison between amorphous alloy and silicon steel sheet

Fe based amorphous alloys are competing with silicon steel in the field of power frequency and medium frequency. Compared with silicon steel, Fe based amorphous alloy has the following advantages and disadvantages.

1) the saturation flux density BS of Fe based amorphous alloy is lower than that of silicon steel.

However, under the same BM, the loss of Fe based amorphous alloy is smaller than that of 0.23mm thick 3% silicon steel. It is generally believed that the reason of low loss is the thin thickness and high resistivity of the Fe based amorphous alloy strip. This is only one aspect, the main reason is that the Fe based amorphous alloy is amorphous, the atomic arrangement is random, there is no magnetocrystalline anisotropy caused by the atomic directional arrangement, and there is no grain boundary that produces local deformation and component migration. Therefore, the energy barrier that hinders the domain wall movement and magnetic moment rotation is very small, which has unprecedented soft magnetism, so the permeability is high, the coercive force is small, and the loss is low.

2) the filling coefficient of Fe based amorphous alloy core is 0.84-0.86.

3) working flux density of Fe based amorphous alloy core

1.35t-1.40t, silicon steel 1.6t-1.7t. The weight of Fe based amorphous alloy power frequency transformer is about 130% of that of silicon steel power frequency transformer. However, even if the weight is heavy, for the same capacity of power frequency transformer, the loss of iron-based amorphous alloy is 70% - 80% lower than that of silicon steel.

4) considering the loss, the total evaluation price is 89%

It is assumed that the load loss (copper loss) of power frequency transformer is the same and the load rate is 50%. So, if the core loss of silicon steel power frequency transformer is the same as that of iron-based amorphous alloy power frequency transformer, the weight of silicon steel transformer is 1? 8 times of that of iron-based amorphous alloy transformer. Therefore, the domestic general people agree that the weight, cost and price of amorphous alloy power frequency transformer are 130% - 150% of silicon steel power frequency transformer, which is not in line with the principle of performance price ratio required by the market. Two methods of comparison are put forward in foreign countries. One is to find out the weight and price of copper and iron materials used in two kinds of power frequency transformers under the same loss condition, and then compare them. Another method is to reduce the wattage of the power frequency transformer with Fe based amorphous alloy, which is converted into currency to compensate. No load loss per watt is equivalent to 5-11 US dollars, equivalent to 42-92 yuan. The load loss per watt is equivalent to USD 0.7-1.0, equivalent to RMB 6-8.3. For example, for a 50Hz, 5KVA single-phase transformer, the silicon steel core is quoted as 1700 yuan / set; the no-load loss is 28w, calculated as 60 yuan / W, 1680 yuan; the load loss is 110W, calculated as 8 yuan / W, 880 yuan; then, the total evaluation price is 4260 yuan / set. The price of iron-based amorphous alloy core is 2500 yuan / set; the no-load loss is 6W, equivalent to 360 yuan; the load loss is 110W, equivalent to 880 yuan, the total evaluation price is 3740 yuan / set. If the loss is not taken into account, the single calculation quotation shows that the power frequency transformer of 5KVA iron-based amorphous alloy is 147% of the power frequency transformer of silicon steel. If loss is considered, the total evaluation price is 89%.

5) Fe based amorphous alloy is better than silicon steel in resistance to power waveform distortion.

At present, the test of the core material loss of power supply transformer is carried out under the sine wave voltage with distortion less than 2%. The actual power frequency grid distortion is 5%. In this case, the loss of Fe based amorphous alloy increases to 106% and that of Si steel to 123%. If the high-order harmonic is large and the distortion is 75% (such as power frequency rectifier transformer), the loss of Fe based amorphous alloy increases to 160%, and the loss of silicon steel increases to more than 300%. It shows that Fe based amorphous alloy is better than silicon steel in resistance to distortion of power waveform.

6) large magnetostrictive coefficient of Fe based amorphous alloy

It is 3-5 times of silicon steel. Therefore, the noise of Fe based amorphous alloy power frequency transformer is 120% of that of silicon steel power frequency transformer, which is 3-5db larger.

7) the price of Fe based amorphous alloy strip is 150% of 0.23mm3% oriented silicon steel.

In the current market, it is about 40% of 0.15mm3% oriented silicon steel (after special treatment).

8) annealing temperature of Fe based amorphous alloy is lower than that of silicon steel.

The annealing temperature of Fe based amorphous alloy is lower than that of silicon steel, and the energy consumption is smaller. Moreover, the core of Fe based amorphous alloy is generally manufactured by a special factory. Silicon steel cores are generally manufactured by transformer manufacturers. According to the above comparison, as long as a certain production scale is achieved, some silicon steel markets will be replaced by Fe based amorphous alloy in the power frequency range of electronic transformers. In the intermediate frequency range of 400Hz to 10kHz, even if there are new varieties of silicon steel, iron-based amorphous alloy will still replace most of the silicon steel market with thickness less than 0.15mm. It is worth noting that Japan is vigorously developing FEMB amorphous alloy and nanocrystalline alloy. Its BS can reach 1.7-1.8t, and the loss is less than 50% of the existing FeSiB Amorphous Alloy. If it is used in power frequency electronic transformer, the working flux density can reach more than 1.5T, and the loss is only 10% - 15% of silicon steel power frequency transformer, it will be a more powerful competitor of silicon steel power frequency transformer. It is expected that FEMB amorphous alloy power frequency transformer will be successfully trial manufactured and put into production in Japan in 2005.

Amorphous nanocrystalline alloys are competing with soft ferrite in the field of medium and high frequency. In 10kHz to 50KHz electronic transformer, the working flux density of Fe based nanocrystalline alloy can reach 0.5T, and the loss p0.5/20k ≤ 25W / kg. Therefore, it has obvious advantages in high-power electronic transformer. In the 50KHz to 100kHz electronic transformer, the loss of Fe based nanocrystalline alloy p0.2/100k is 30-75w/kg, and that of Fe based amorphous alloy p0.2/100k is 30W / kg, which can replace part of ferrite market.

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