Balun is a three-port device

Balun is a three-port device, or a broadband RF transmission line transformer that implements a connection between a balanced transmission line circuit and an unbalanced transmission line circuit by converting a matched input to a differential output. Barron's function is to make systems with different impedances or compatible with differential/single-ended signaling, and for modern communication systems such as cell phones and data transmission networks.

Barron has the following three basic functions:
1. Convert current or voltage from unbalance to equilibrium;
2. Common mode current suppression by some configurations;
3. Impedance conversion by some configurations (impedance ratio not equal to 1:1);

Baluns are divided into several types, some of which are used for impedance conversion, and some are used to connect transmission lines with different impedances. Impedance conversion baluns provide impedance matching, DC isolation, and matching balanced ports to single-ended ports. The common mode choke is also a kind of balun in a sense because it can eliminate the common mode signal. Balun is used in push-pull amplifiers, wideband antennas, balanced mixers, balanced multipliers and modulators, phase shifters, and any circuit design that requires equal amplitude and 180 degrees out of phase on both lines.
The most common use of baluns is to connect unbalanced signals into balanced transmission lines for long-distance transmission. Compared to single-ended signaling with coaxial cable, differential signaling with balanced transmission lines is less affected by noise and crosstalk, can use lower voltages, and is more cost effective. Therefore, the balun can be used as an interface between local video, audio and digital signals and long-distance transmission lines.

Use:
1. Radio and baseband video
2. Radar, transmitter, satellite
3. Voice network, wireless network modem / router

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